Humans release about 8 billion tons of carbon-based (or 8 gigatons GtC) greenhouse gases (GHGs) per year: 6 GtC from fossil fuels and 2 GtC from land disturbance (soil erosion, forest depletion, etc.). Of this the oceans absorb 2 GtC and plants absorb about 2 GtC; the remaining 4GtC are added to the atmosphere each year.

Possible solutions to mitigate excess GHGs and their associated global warming/climate change effects include increased energy efficiencies and new conservation measures, further development and use of alternative energy sources, and carbon capture and storage. This presentation provides an overview of the global carbon cycle, potential global warming causes and effects, and geo-engineering solutions for mitigating those effects. These mitigating measures are fundamental to establishing the value of the current carbon commodity markets where carbon cap and trade of credits and GHG/carbon inventories will play a dominant role in future economies.

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