The geologic training program for the first 29 astronauts began in February, 1964, and has consisted of four phases. The first phase emphasized training in the principles of geology, geophysics, mineralogy, and petrology. Phase II was designed to provide extensive experience in a wide spectrum of terrestrial geology having lunar application, with particular emphasis on volcanic and impact geology. Phase III emphasized training in carrying out terrestrial geologic mapping, geophysical studies, and sampling procedures. Phase IV is presently underway, and consists of terrestrial simulations of Apollo missions.

In all phases of the training program, field work has been heavily emphasized. The field trips have been to classic geologic localities and have been led by recognized experts on each area. The first three phases of the training included 14 field trips totaling 41 days in the field, in addition to 135 hours of classroom instruction.

The operation of the training course has been a cooperative effort of the Astrogeology Branch of the U.S.G.S. and the Lunar Surface Technology Branch of the Manned Spacecraft Center of N.A.S.A.

A complete geology classroom has been set up at the Manned Spacecraft Center including most of the teaching aids and equipment available in the average modern geology department.

The astronauts have strong backgrounds in the physical sciences and have proved to be excellent students. With the intensive and specialized training that they have received, they will provide the scientific community with uniquely qualified representatives for early lunar exploration.

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