A short history of the development of groundwater sources for waterflooding programs is given. The gradual trend from deep-brine sources to shallower fresh- or brackish-water sources is discussed. A review of the development of the concept of a royalty, or in-place value in acquisition of water rights, is presented. Finally, an analysis of cost data in developing, producing, and transporting water is discussed in relation to present level of delivered prices for fresh and (or) brackish water.

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