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AAPG Bulletin

Abstract


Volume: 59 (1975)

Issue: 5. (May)

First Page: 856

Last Page: 871

Title: Stratigraphic Analysis of Kadi and Kalol Formations, Cambay Basin, India

Author(s): L. L. Bhandari (2), L. R. Chowdhary (3)

Abstract:

The Kadi and Kalol Formations of early to middle Eocene age are thick clastic wedges in the northern part of the Cambay basin, India. Southward these formations intertongue with and grade into the marine Cambay Shale. The Kadi Formation has been divided into the Mandhali and Mehsana Members. The formation is restricted areally to the northern part of the Ahmedabad-Mehsana block and was deposited in fluvial, lagoonal, and deltaic environments. Unlike the Kadi, the Kalol Formation is present in a large area from Mehsana in the north to the Dadhar River in the south. The Kalol Formation has been divided into four members. The upper three (Sertha, Kansari, and Wavel) were deposited in an extensive area and the lowermost Chhatral Member is restricted areally. Along the basin a is, shallow-marine, intertidal, fluvial, and paludal to eolian environments were established during the deposition of the Sertha and Wavel Members. These environments shifted in response to oscillations of the basin floor.

Delta building during deposition of the Kadi Formation was influenced by a steep paleoslope, which became gentle during Kalol deposition. The gentle slope created conditions favorable for the formation of extensive coastal plains. Vertical lithologic variations were, however, controlled by epeirogenic movements in the source area and mild oscillations of the depositional floor.

The gentle paleoslope which existed during deposition of the Kalol created large areas of favorable source-reservoir facies, although the reservoir sands generally are dirty because of the presence of trap basalts in the provenance area. Sand facies with better petrophysical properties are present only in a narrow zone paralleling the strandline. Winnowed sands were localized on some of the positive features such as the Kalol, Sanand, Nawagam, and Dholka highs. Variations in the physicochemical properties of the oil in Kalol Formation are controlled both by evolutionary and secondary alteration processes. The presence of waxy oils trapped beneath coal seams suggests that the coals exercised some control in localizing such pools.

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