More than 90% of the fluids in post-Silurian rocks of the Appalachian basin have been reported from three states--New York, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. American Petroleum Institute estimates show 10,415 million bbl of oil in place with 2,124 million bbl as the total ultimate recoverable using known methods of production. The American Gas Association estimates 28,039 Bcf as the total ultimate recoverable amount of natural gas. These figures are low by a multiple of 2 to 10. Connate water is present only in some of these rocks; many are nearly, or entirely, devoid of liquid water. All of the oil and gas and most of the salt water is considered to be of Paleozoic age.

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