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The AAPG/Datapages Combined Publications Database

AAPG Bulletin

Abstract


Volume: 79 (1995)

Issue: 2. (February)

First Page: 231

Last Page: 258

Title: Insights from Stratigraphic Modeling: Mud-Limited Versus Sand-Limited Depositional Systems

Author(s): William C. Ross (2), Dale E. Watts (3), Jeffrey A. May (4)

Abstract:

Quantitative stratigraphic modeling provides new perspectives on the controls on basin-fill stacking patterns, gross lithology distributions, and submarine fan deposition in siliciclastic systems. Our modeling relates basin-fill geometries to the ratio of space creation vs. sediment supply. Facies components differentially distribute sand/mud mixtures below rising base-level surfaces across a basin profile. We model alluvial architecture, shoreline position, shelf width, and the occurrence of turbidite sands as a function of relative base-level rise and varying receiving-basin geometries. Slope unconformities and onlapping submarine fans are the erosional and depositional responses to changing basin physiography.

Sediment budgeting reveals two types of siliciclastic systems. Sand-limited systems develop in shallow basins or on basin-margin platforms; have broad, muddy, wave-graded shelves; and are subject to exposure and major basinward shifts of shoreline with minor sea level falls. Mud-limited systems develop during progradation into deep-water basins, have narrow shelves with turbidites in a base-of-slope position, and are not particularly susceptible to major basinward shifts in facies.

We emphasize the fundamental importance of basin physiography and lithology budgeting, as well as sea level, in contrast to eustatically based models. In addition to accommodation and sediment supply, alluvial architecture and basin depth also act as primary controls on shelf width, basin-fill geometry, and submarine fan deposition.

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