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AAPG Bulletin

Abstract

AAPG Bulletin, V. 94, No. 7 (July 2010), P. 957-975.

Copyright copy2010. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.

DOI:10.1306/12090909116

Interaction between prerift salt and detachment faulting in hyperextended rift systems: The example of the Parentis and Mauleon basins (Bay of Biscay and western Pyrenees)

Suzon Jammes,1 Gianreto Manatschal,2 Luc Lavier3

1Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg/Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Universite de Strasbourg; present address: Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Allegaten 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway; [email protected]
2Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg/Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre (EOST), Universite de Strasbourg, 1 rue Blessig, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
3Jackson School of Geosciences, Department of Geological Sciences and Institute for Geophysics, J.J. Pickle Research Campus, Bldg. 196, 10100 Burnet Road (R2200), Austin, Texas 78758-4445

ABSTRACT

Prerift salt layers associated with extensional detachment faults exhuming mantle and deeper crustal rocks at the sea floor are observed in the Parentis and Arzacq-Mauleon basins located at the eastern termination of the Bay of Biscay. How detachment faults interact with salt in hyperextended rift systems is yet little understood. Based on field observations and drill-hole and seismic data, we propose a new model to explain the interaction between salt tectonics and extensional detachment systems. We demonstrate that the presence of a thick prerift salt layer in an area undergoing extreme crustal thinning can control the geometry and evolution of rift systems and obscure the rift-related structures in the underlying basement. During an initial stage of rifting, prerift salt layers act as a decoupling horizon between sub- and suprasalt units and hinder crustal detachment faults to cut through the salt layers and form breakaways at the sea floor. As a consequence, they sole out along the ductile salt layer and no subsalt material can be exhumed to the sea floor. Thus, sub- and suprasalt layers deform by different deformation modes, which makes that detachment fault difficult to identify on seismic images. In a later stage, when salt has migrated and thinned out, sub- and suprasalt layers can locally couple and detachment faults can be exposed at the surface, resulting in windows of exhumed basement surrounded by extensional allochthons formed by suprasalt sedimentary units.

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