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AAPG Bulletin

Abstract

AAPG Bulletin, V. 102, No. 10 (October 2018), P. 1985-2016.

Copyright ©2018. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.

DOI: 10.1306/03291817191

Practical and efficient three-dimensional structural restoration using an adaptation of the GeoChron model

Peter J. Lovely,1 Stanislas N. Jayr,2 and Donald A. Medwedeff3

1Earth Science Department, Chevron Energy Technology Company, 1500 Louisiana Street, Houston, Texas 77002; [email protected]
2Earth Science Department, Chevron Energy Technology Company, 1500 Louisiana Street, Houston, Texas 77002; [email protected]
3Earth Science Department, Chevron Energy Technology Company, 1500 Louisiana Street, Houston, Texas 77002; [email protected]

ABSTRACT

We document a novel approach to balanced three-dimensional structural restoration based on an adaptation of the GeoChron model. Conventionally, the GeoChron model defines a transformation of a geological model to a flattened space (U-V-T), with paleogeographic coordinates defined by the horizontal axes (U-V) and geologic time on the vertical axis (T). In our new balanced structural restoration scheme, the complete stratigraphy is restored using a transformation constrained only by the datum horizon. Scaling the vertical “T” axis to depth in a manner that preserves volume or layer thickness results in a geometric restoration that approximately minimizes strain globally. This restoration provides a geometrically plausible representation of the geologic structure at the time when the datum horizon was deposited. Restoration is independent of mechanical rock properties and is thus most applicable to regions in which mechanical rock properties are approximately homogeneous. Restoration kinematics may be constrained by growth strata if present.

We validate the method with kinematic forward models and a laboratory sandbox model and apply it to two natural examples to demonstrate its capabilities for model validation and palinspastic restoration.

We identify four criteria for assessing the validity of a structural model using the results of restoration: (1) anomalous fault throw, (2) timing of fault activity, (3) fault compliance, and (4) restoration strain. Analysis of the sandbox results and limitations of volume conservation derived from uncertainties in compaction states suggest accuracy of the method to be in the 5%–20% range.

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