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Abstract

G. M. Grammer, P. M. ldquoMitchrdquo Harris, and G. P. Eberli, 2004, Integration of outcrop and modern analogs in reservoir modeling: AAPG Memoir 80, p. 93-107.

Copyright copy2004. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.

A Laterally Accreting Grainstone Margin from the Albian of Northern Mexico: Outcrop Model for Cretaceous Carbonate Reservoirs

David A. Osleger,1 Roger Barnaby,2 Charles Kerans3

1Department of Geology, University of California, Davis, California, U.S.A.
2ExxonMobil Upstream Research Co., Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
3Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas, U.S.A.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The gracious hospitality of Guillermo Osuna, landowner of the study area near the El Cedral, exceeded all expectations. Without his permission and assistance, the exceptional exposures in Pacheco Canyon would remain uninvestigated. This study received a boost from field data donated to the University of Texas Bureau of Economic Geology by Walter Bloxham and Ike Smith. Bob Scott provided critical identifications of benthic foraminifera as well as preprints of relevant papers. Ramon Trevino and Jubal Grubb provided able field assistance. Kirt Kempter constructed the photomosaics, and Janice Fong aided with illustrations. Finally, exacting reviews by Bill Morgan, Trevor Burchette, and Mike Grammer significantly improved the paper.

ABSTRACT

Exceptional exposures of progradational platform margin slopes of Albian age were mapped along a 5-km, near-continuous, dip-oriented transect in northern Mexico with the goal of producing an outcrop model for analogous Cretaceous reservoirs. The study area at the El Cedral is located along the western margin of the Devils River grainstone belt flanking the muddy, intrashelf Maverick Basin. Four relatively complete clinothems and portions of two adjacent clinothems are recognized in the Las Pilas Formation in the study area. The Las Pilas clinothems exhibit complex sigmoid-oblique geometries and have dimensions of 40–60 m of vertical relief, depositional dip angles of foreset beds ranging from 8 to 15deg, and dip-oriented lengths of 1–2 km. Internally, in foresets of clinothems, thick- to massively bedded, sigmoid- to oblique-shaped lenses exhibit overlapping, seaward-stepping patterns toward the southeast.

The primary sediment fabrics of topset, foreset, and bottomset beds of the Las Pilas clinothems are grainstones and grain-rich packstones. Coated grains are the predominant grain type, with subordinate amounts of micritized mollusk fragments and intraclasts. Porosity is predominantly moldic, but primary interparticle porosity is common. These lime sands were winnowed, coated, and micritized along the high-energy topsets of clinoforms before being exported seaward toward the breakpoint, where they cascaded onto the steep frontal slopes as sporadic grain flows or mass flows. The master bounding surfaces that define the clinothems likely represent episodes of nondeposition and abandonment of the surface, perhaps occurring during shifts in the locus of deposition laterally along the shoal margin.

The architecture and composition of the Las Pilas clinoforms provide observable data for comparison with analogous subsurface reservoirs in the Aptian Shuaiba Formation (Bu Hasa field) and Cenomanian Mishrif Formation (e.g., Umm Adalkh field) of the Arabian Gulf.

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