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The AAPG/Datapages Combined Publications Database
Houston Geological Society Bulletin
Abstract
Abstract: Glacial-marine Sediments Record Ice-shelf Retreat During the
Late Holocene in Beascochea Bay on the Western Margin of the
Antarctic Peninsula
Beascochea Bay has an overall rapid rate of sedimentation
due to retreating, fast-flowing ice, and thus contains highresolution
records of Antarcticas glacial and climate history.
Beascochea Bay is 16 km long by 8 km wide, located on the western
margin of the Antarctica Peninsula, centered between Anvers
Island and Renaud Island but open to the Bellingshausen Sea.
Currently, three tidewater glaciers draining the Bruce Plateau of
Graham Land enter into the fjords of Beascochea Bay, releasing
terrigenous sediments which have left a record of the fluctuations
of the Antarctic Peninsula Ice Cap since the grounded ice decoupled
from the seafloor after the last glacial maximum. These three
glaciers have played a significant role in providing sediment to
the main basin, allowing a detailed sediment facies analysis to be
conducted from eight sediment cores which were collected
during the austral summer of 2007. Pebbly silty clay sediment
cores, along with 3.5-kHz seismic data and multibeam swath
bathymetry data, are integrated to reconstruct a glacial retreat
timeline for the middle to late Holocene which can be compared
to the recent retreat rates over the last century. Paleoenvironment
of deposition is determined by mapping lateral facies changes
from the side fjords (proximal) to the outer basin (distal), as each
region records the transition from glacial-marine sediments to
open-marine sediments. As the ice retreated from the outer basin
to the inner basin, most recently leaving the side fjords, each
facies deposited can be age-constrained by radiocarbon, 210Pb, and
137Cs dating methods. A distinct 137Cs signal is readily seen in
two kasten cores from the side fjord and inner basin of
Beascochea Bay. This dating method revealed an average
sedimentation rate of 2.7 mm per year for approximately the last
century, which is comparable to 210Pb rates obtained in other
studies. Lithology variations in each sediment core record
indications of ice-shelf influence in Beascochea Bay throughout
the Holocene deglaciation. The distinctively laminated sub-ice
shelf facies can be clearly seen in the x-
rays
of these cores, and can
be easily distinguished from the poorly sorted glacial-marine
facies and the greenish finer-grained facies deposited in openmarine
conditions. A 14 m-long sediment core taken from the
outer basin of Beascochea Bay recovered the greatest length of
sediment and it dates back to the middle Holocene. X-
rays
of this
core show a possible mid-Holocene retreat of the ice shelf
followed by intermittent advance and retreat that precedes
the most recent retreat. The inner basin of Beascochea Bay has
been without an ice shelf for the last 200 years, based on the
sedimentation rates of the last century projected downcore.