Geology, geomorphology, and soils science are essential to the practice of archaeology. The role of these sciences in finding archaeological remains and interpreting them is explored through project examples from various locations in Texas. The use of GIS modeling combining geological and geomorphic information, aerial imagery, and modern and historic topographic maps is demonstrated to narrow the search for archaeological remains. Case studies in geomorphic assessments of site settings will illustrate the use of these techniques as predictors of archaeological site locations and will provide context to the distribution of archaeological remains found during excavations