This year is the 110th anniversary of the first oil discovery in the Middle East. Oil was first discovered in Iran in 1908 and followed by discoveries in Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. This presentation covers the history of the discoveries in these countries. The geology in the Middle East is also unique due to the high permeability reservoirs allowing for some of the highest flow rates of any wells in the world. The world's largest oil field is the Ghawar Field has the capacity to produce over 6 Million BBLS per day. One of the challenges of the reservoirs in Saudi Arabia is the large volume of water required for water injection in order to maintain production with the increasing water cut. An overview of the geology and the cause of this high permeability will be shown.