Although the use of surface geology as an independent method in petroleum exploration has become practically obsolete, it should be employed to a much greater extent in conjunction with geophysical, subsurface and other modern techniques. Where familiar methods of mapping surface structure are not applicable, much valuable information can be obtained at low cost by physiographic studies. The application of surface, structural, and physiographic work to exploration problems in the Gulf Coastal Plain and in the Permian Basin is discussed. Certain types of physiographic anomalies of diagnostic value are described, and some of the difficulties surrounding their interpretation are indicated.

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