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AAPG Bulletin

Abstract


Volume: 44 (1960)

Issue: 3. (March)

First Page: 273

Last Page: 297

Title: Cretaceous Biostratigraphy of Northern Alaska

Author(s): Helen Tappan (2)

Abstract:

The lithologic and microfaunal facies of the Cretaceous sediments of the Arctic Slope of northern Alaska are discussed, and their depositional environments suggested. The faunas differ from usual Cretaceous assemblages in being controlled by high turbidity and turbulence and rapid deposition, as well as rapid fluctuations of sea-level, with resultant intertonguing marine and non-marine strata. Non-marine strata (fluviatile environment) and the coastal deposits (supralittoral) contain charophyte oogonia, but no Foraminifera; the intertidal coastal deposits contain environmentally tolerant arenaceous species, which are represented by stunted specimens with little variety, but are locally present in large numbers. The nearshore deposits of turbidity-controlled facies contain large robust specimens of arenaceous Foraminifera, in general of the same cosmopolitan species as those of the intertidal region. A few calcareous Foraminifera and some Radiolaria are also present, but occur as pyritic casts, a further indication of their rapid burial. The more usual offshore faunas are less characteristic of Alaska, occurring in the subsurface of the present coastal region; there the arenaceous and calcareous species occur in nearly equal variety, and the calcareous Foraminifera and the Radiolaria occur as shells rather than as casts. Strong currents from land seem to have prevented the influx of planktonic Foraminifera, except for a single zone in the Seabee formation, of Turonian age, which locally contains Heterohelix and Hedbergella.

Microfaunal zones based on the arenaceous species are discussed, each being approximately equivalent to one of the European stages. The Gaudryina tailleuri zone is of lower Albian age, the Verneuilinoides borealis zone represents the middle and upper Albian, the Gaudryina irenensis-Trochammina rutherfordi zone is Cenomanian, the Pseudoclavulina hastata-Arenobulimina torula zone is Turonian and the Trochammina ribstonensis-Neobulimina canadensis zone is Senonian. On the basis of these zones and the other species of Foraminifera contained therein, correlations are made with Cretaceous strata in Canada and the United States. Descriptions and illustrations of a few previously undescribed species are also presented.

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