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The AAPG/Datapages Combined Publications Database
AAPG Bulletin
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Bottom sediment distribution in Hudson Bay is a reflection of the water circulation pattern within the bay, tidal currents, and ice rafting. There is a gradual decrease in sediment size from coarse sand and gravel on the west to clay near the eastern coast. Adjacent land topography is not a major factor in sediment distribution since the eastern coast is much more rugged than the lowland area on the west. Ice rafting is an important agent of sedimentation in the shallow regions of the bay, and exerts its greatest influence in the areas off the western coast and around Southampton Island. The large central part of the bay is not influenced greatly by rafting.
Organic content in the sediment is highest in the fine-grained material off the east coast. Calcium carbonate content is greatest in sediments of the southwestern portion of the bay, in the region bordered and underlain by Paleozoic carbonate rocks. The surface sediment in the deeper central part of the bay is reddish brown in color. Origin of the red layer, which has a maximum thickness of 8 cm. is due to oxidation caused by the slow settling of ferruginous sediment in highly oxygenated water. This red surface layer is a common feature in the north and has been reported from the Kara, Barents, and White Seas.
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