Intensive energy development activity in the Powder River basin of eastern Wyoming has placed heavy demands on the water resources of the state. The U.S. Geological Survey is therefore investigating the water resource potential of the Madison Group and Red River Formation, such water to be produced from depths of 2,500 to 7,500 ft (762 to 2,286 m) to supply some of the needs. The exploration seismograph is a promising tool to aid in well-site selection; under some conditions it can be used to detect porosity development at depth.

In-situ measurements of the acoustic properties of the Madison-Red River interval have been made using vertical seismic profiles in several wells. Surface seismic profiles were then run over the wells. The combination of these results with well-log data and regional geologic subsurface studies gives considerable insight as to commercial quantities of water at depth.

The investigation also has petroleum-exploration significance. Madison porosity development often provides an excellent oil and/or gas reservoir in the adjacent Big Horn and Williston basins.

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