Geothermal energy is being utilized for direct use projects in several countries in the Circum-Pacific region. New Zealand has numerous projects in space conditioning and industrial processing. Most notable are the space heating in Rotorua, pulp and paper processing at Kawerau, sulfur extraction, alfalfa dehydration, and a planned salt extraction plant. At Tiwi, in the Philippines, experimental work has been carried out on salt production, grain drying, fish canning, and refrigeration. Many diverse uses have been attempted in Japan, including greenhouses, animal husbandry (chickens) fish breeding, carp, eel and alligator raising, space heating, pavement snow melting, and bathing. Presently, two national projects are under investigation at Shizukuishi, Iwate, and Kazuno, A ita. A cascaded use for district heating, greenhouse, snow melting, animal husbandry, and fish breeding is planned with water supplied from the Kakkonda and Onuma power plants. Experimental work is being carried on in Taiwan, especially in lumber and cereal drying. The People's Republic of China has been involved in wool piece goods and carpet manufacturing, using geothermal energy, along with poultry raising. Several district heating projects are planned in Tianjin and Beijing. The USA has planned space heating and greenhouse projects in Alaska, and has district heating projects under construction in Klamath Falls, Oregon, Boise, Idaho, Susanville, California, and Reno, Nevada. Onion dehydration and milk pasteurization are the only industrial processing uses. In Hawaii, near Puna, cane ugar and papaya processing plants, a cattle feed mill and an industrial park are being studied. Central and South America have no direct use projects in operation or under construction, however, a desalination plant is being considered for El Tatio, Chile.

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