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The AAPG/Datapages Combined Publications Database
AAPG Bulletin
Abstract
AAPG Bulletin, V.
David
D. Blackwell,4 and Nancy D. Naeser
1Manuscript received May 3, 1996; revised manuscript received
January 16, 1997; final acceptance August 6, 1997.
2Marathon Oil Company, 909 ESE Loop 323, Suite 500, Tyler,
Texas 75713.
3Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico
Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, New Mexico 87801.
4Department of Geological Sciences, Southern Methodist University,
Dallas, Texas 75275.
5U.S. Geological Survey, MS 926A, National Center, 12201
Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, Virginia 20192.
We thank the following oil companies for allowing us to run temperature
logs in their wells: Carl E. Gungoll Exploration Corporation, Continental
Trend Resources Corporation, Shell Western Exploration and Production Company,
Standard of Ohio Oil Production Company, Sundance Energy Corporation, and
Ward Petroleum Corporation. The following companies provided technical
support during the logging of the Ferris 1-28 well: Shell Western Exploration
and Production Company, Cudd Pressure Control Incorporated, Sandia National
Laboratory, and Madden Systems Incorporated. Computer software and facilities
for the basin history modeling were provided by Oryx Energy Company. Brian
Cardott shared unpublished vitrinite reflectance data and valuable discussions
concerning the thermal maturity of the basin. Reneé Greyvensteyn
and Marie Richards helped with the figures and tables. Core samples used
in this study were obtained from the Oklahoma Geological Survey Core and
Sample Library and from Standard of Ohio Oil Company. The Institute for
the Study of Earth and Man at Southern Methodist University and the Mobil
Foundation provided funding for field expenses and microprobe work. Fission-track
sample collection and analysis were supported in part by the U.S. Geological
Survey Evolution of Sedimentary Basins Program. Fission-track samples were
irradiated under the Department of Energy reactor share program at Texas
A&M University Nuclear Science Center. We appreciate the careful reviews
of David
Deming, Brian Cardott, and John Shelton.
ABSTRACT
Apatite fission-track, vitrinite reflectance, and heat-flow data were
used to constrain regional aspects of the burial history of the Anadarko
basin. By combining these data sets, we infer that at least 1.5 km of denudation
has occurred at two sites in the deep Anadarko basin since the early to
middle Cenozoic (40 ±10 m.y.). The timing of the onset of denudation
in the southern Anadarko basin coincides with the period of late Eocene
erosion observed in the southern Rocky Mountains and in the northern Great
Plains.
Burial history models for two wells from the deep Anadarko basin predict
that shales of the Woodford formation passed through the hydrocarbon maturity
window by the end of the Permian. The Late Pennsylvanian-Early Permian
section in the deep basin moved into the hydrocarbon maturity window during
Mesozoic burial of the region. Presently, the depth interval of the main
zone of oil maturation (% Ro = 0.7-0.9) is approximately 2800-3800
m in the eastern deep basin and 2200-3000 m in the western deep basin.
The greater depth to the top of the oil maturity zone and larger depth
range of the zone in the eastern part of the deep basin are due to the
lower heat flow associated with more mafic basement toward the east. The
burial history model for the northern shelf indicates that the Woodford
formation has been in the early oil maturity zone since the Early Permian.
New heat-flow values for seven sites in the Anadarko basin, Oklahoma,
were determined using high-precision temperature logs and thermal conductivity
measurements from nearly 300 core plugs. Three of the sites are on the
northern shelf, three sites are in the deep basin, and one site is in the
frontal fault zone of the northern Wichita Mountains. The heat flow decreased
from 55 to 64 mW/m2 in the north, and from 39 to 54 mW/m2
in the south, due to a decrease in heat generation in the underlying basement
rock toward the south. Lateral lithologic changes in the basin, combined
with the change in heat flow across the basin, resulted in an unusual pattern
of thermal maturity. The vitrinite reflectance values of the Upper Devonian-
Lower Mississippian Woodford formation are highest 30-40 km north-northwest
of the deepest part of the basin. The offset in highest reflectance values
is due to the contrast in thermal conductivity between the Pennsylvanian
"granite wash" section adjacent to the Wichita uplift and the Pennsylvanian
shale section to the north. The geothermal gradient in the low-conductivity
shale section is elevated relative to the geothermal gradient in the high-conductivity
"granite wash" section, thus displacing the highest temperatures to the
north of the deepest part of the basin.
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