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The AAPG/Datapages Combined Publications Database
AAPG Bulletin
Abstract
AAPG Bulletin, V.
1Manuscript received February 2, 1998;
revised manuscript received January 18, 1999; final acceptance January
29, 1999.
2Universitat de les Illes Balears,
Palma de Mallorca, Spain; e-mail: [email protected]
326328 Autumn Glen, Boerne, Texas
78006-5200; e-mail: wcwkaw@ aol.com
ABSTRACT
Thickest sections of porous and permeable rocks
are in the aggradational portions of the reef, upper slope, and outer lagoon
units. The relative volume of the various accretional units and heterogeneity
in the lithofacies architecture were dependent on the amount of carbonate
production, which was related to (1) accommodation changes controlled by
sea-level fluctuations and (2) depositional profile.
Moldic porosity, mostly from the dissolution of
aragonitic constituents, is the predominant porosity type, and its heterogeneous
distribution is related to the lateral and vertical distribution of lithofacies.
The secondary porosity in much of this reef complex was produced mainly
during early dolomitization. Dolomite patterns are complicated, apparently
mainly related to shallow flooding of the platform during third- or fourth-order
sea level highs and to geographic location of permeable pathways for brine
reflux, probably primarily through fourth-order aggradational reef units.
Many of these stratigraphic complexities and diagenetic
patterns are below the resolution of seismic and well analyses; thus models
based on outcrop data such as this can enhance reservoir development in
certain shallow-water carbonate rocks.
Predictive models for interwell-scale variations
in heterogeneous carbonate rock are best made from outcrop studies of well-exposed
limestone and dolomite, such as the upper Miocene reef complex that crops
out in the sea cliffs of Mallorca, Spain. The sea-cliff sections reveal
highly complex lithofacies stacking patterns that could lead to ambiguous
lateral correlations of coeval units. The stratigraphic complexity and
distribution of primary and secondary porosity are the result of a sea-level-driven
hierarchical stacking of different magnitudes of accretional units.
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