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The AAPG/Datapages Combined Publications Database
AAPG Bulletin
Abstract
AAPG Bulletin, V.
2006. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.
DOI:10.1306/02070605112
Best practice stochastic facies
modeling
from a channel-fill turbidite sandstone analog (the Quarry outcrop, Eocene Ainsa basin, northeast Spain)
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Oriol Falivene,1 Pau Arbu
s,2 Andy Gardiner,3 Gillian Pickup,4 Josep Anton Mu
oz,5 Llu
s Cabrera6
1Geomodels-3D Geological Modeling
CER-Group of Geodynamics and Basin Analysis, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; [email protected]
2Geomodels-3D Geological Modeling
CER-Group of Geodynamics and Basin Analysis, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
3Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Heriot-Watt University (Edinburgh), Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
4Institute of Petroleum Engineering, Heriot-Watt University (Edinburgh), Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
5Geomodels-3D Geological Modeling
CER-Group of Geodynamics and Basin Analysis, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
6Geomodels-3D Geological Modeling
CER-Group of Geodynamics and Basin Analysis, Facultat de Geologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
ABSTRACT
Using data from an outcrop characterization of a sandstone-rich turbidite channel fill (the so-called Quarry outcrop
in the Ainsa basin), several stochastic facies models were constructed at bed-scale resolution (cells 2.5 m [8 ft] wide and 0.05 m [2 in.] thick). Several industry-standard reservoir-
modeling
algorithms were employed: truncated Gaussian simulation, sequential indicator simulation, multiple-point geostatistics, and object-based methods with varying degrees of complexity. The degree of similarity (i.e., realism) between realizations and the outcrop characterization was quantified through the use of several responses: (1) static connectivity, (2) effective permeability, and (3) recovery efficiency from waterflood simulations.
Differences in the responses measured from the outcrop and facies models were observed: these are mostly algorithm related, instead of caused by soft data or different stochastic realizations. Differences increase greatly when the permeability of the heterolithic packages and mudstone beds (Ht-M) decreases and reflect the methods' ability to model the inclined and undulating Ht-M packages and beds that occur in the outcrop. These packages and beds can drape scours and sandstone beds with depositional topography and pinch-outs, producing sandstone thinning and dead ends.
Object-based methods capable of introducing highly undulating Ht-M beds provided the most realistic models. Variogram-based and simple object-based methods failed to capture and reproduce the whole length of undulating beds. Multiple-point geostatistics provided realizations with responses intermediate between variogram-based and simple object-based methods and the more successful advanced object-based methods. The conditioning-to-hard-data capabilities of multiple-point geostatistics are higher than those of the object-based methods, which give them an added advantage.
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