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The AAPG/Datapages Combined Publications Database
AAPG Bulletin
Abstract
AAPG Bulletin, V.
2008. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.
DOI:10.1306/11260707046
Prediction of subseismic faults and fractures: Integration of three-dimensional
seismic
data, three-dimensional retrodeformation, and well data on an example of deformation around an inverted fault
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Tina Lohr,1 Charlotte M. Krawczyk,2 David C. Tanner,3 Ramin Samiee,4 Heike Endres,5 Peter O. Thierer,6 Onno Oncken,7 Henning Trappe,8 Raik Bachmann,9 Peter A. Kukla10
1GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Sektion 3.1, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; [email protected]
2Leibniz Institute for Applied Geosciences, Stilleweg 2, 30655 Hannover, Germany; [email protected]
3Geoscience Center of Goettingen University, Goldschmidtstr. 3, 37077 Goettingen, Germany; [email protected]
4RWE Dea AG, Ueberseering 40, 22297 Hamburg, Germany; [email protected]
5Trappe Erdoel Erdgas Consultant, Burgwedeler Str. 89, 30916 Isernhagen, Germany; [email protected]
6Trappe Erdoel Erdgas Consultant, Burgwedeler Str. 89, 30916 Isernhagen, Germany; [email protected]
7Department of Geodynamics, GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; [email protected]
8Trappe Erdoel Erdgas Consultant, Burgwedeler Str. 89, 30916 Isernhagen, Germany; [email protected]
9Department of Geodynamics, GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam, Germany; [email protected]
10Geology Department, RWTH Aachen, Wuellnerstr. 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
ABSTRACT
In addition to seismically mapped fault structures, a large number of faults below the limit of seismic
resolution contribute to subsurface deformation. However, a correlation between large- and small-scale faults is difficult because of their strong variation in orientation. A workflow to analyze deformation over different scales is described here. Based on the combination of
seismic
interpretation, coherency analysis, geostatistical analysis, kinematic
modeling
, and well data analysis, we constrained the density and orientation of subseismic faults and made predictions about reactivation and opening of fractures.
We interpreted faults in seismic
and coherency volumes at scales between several kilometers and a few tens of meters. Three-dimensional (3-D) retrodeformation was performed on a detailed interpreted 3-D structural model to simulate strain in the hanging wall at the time of faulting, at a scale below
seismic
resolution. The
modeling
results show that (1) considerable strain is observed more than 1 km (0.62 mi) away from the fault trace and (2) deformation around the fault causes strain variations, depending on the fault morphology. This strain variation is responsible for the heterogeneous subseismic fracture distribution observed in wells. We linked the fracture density from the well data with the modeled strain magnitude and used the strain magnitude as a proxy for fracture density. With this method, we can predict the relative density of small-scale fractures in areas without well data. Furthermore, knowing the orientation of the local strain axis, we predict a fault strike and opening or reactivation of fractures during a particular deformation event.
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