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The AAPG/Datapages Combined Publications Database
AAPG Bulletin
Abstract
AAPG Bulletin, V.
DOI: 10.1306/02071716090
Three-dimensional
fault
geometries and interactions within experimental models of multiphase extension
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Martha Oliver Withjack,1 Alissa A. Henza,2 and Roy W. Schlische3
1Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854; [email protected]
2Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854; present address: Statoil Gulf Services LLC, 2107 City West Blvd, Houston, Texas, 77042; [email protected]
3Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854; [email protected]
ABSTRACT
We use experimental (analog) models to examine the three-dimensional (3-D) fault
geometries and interactions that develop during two phases of noncoaxial extension. In the models, a homogeneous layer of wet clay undergoes two phases of extension whose directions differ by 45°. The resulting
fault
pattern varies significantly with depth. At shallow levels, second-phase normal faults accommodate most second-phase extension. At depth, both second-phase normal faults and reactivated, first-phase faults with oblique slip accommodate most second-phase extension. A variety of interactions occurs between first-phase and second-phase faults. One interaction involves the upward propagation of second-phase faults from tips of reactivated, blind, first-phase faults. These hybrid faults have deep segments that strike subperpendicular to the first-phase extension direction and shallow segments whose strike varies with depth, becoming increasingly subperpendicular to the second-phase extension direction at shallow levels. A second interaction involves the nucleation of second-phase normal faults on the surfaces of reactivated, first-phase faults. These splay faults propagate upward and laterally from their nucleation sites into the hanging walls of the first-phase faults. As they propagate, they commonly encounter and link with different first-phase faults. The resulting composite faults have zigzag geometries in both map and cross-sectional views. A third interaction involves either the termination of second-phase antithetic normal faults against or near first-phase faults or the offset of first-phase faults by second-phase antithetic normal faults. The 3-D
fault
patterns and interactions within our models closely resemble those within the Taranaki basin of offshore New Zealand and Milne Point on Alaska’s North Slope.
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