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AAPG Bulletin, Preliminary version published online Ahead of Print 1 November 2025.

Copyright © 2025. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.

DOI:10.1306/08122524082

Formation, preservation and release of overpressure in shale gas reservoirs

Qing He12 , Tian Dong1 , Matthew Steele-MacInnis2 , Zhiliang He1 , and Dongfeng Hu3

1 Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
2 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
3 Sinopec Exploration Branch Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China

Ahead of Print Abstract

Formation and evolution of fluid overpressure is critical to the generation, migration and accumulation of natural gas. However, one aspect of this process that has received little attention so far is how and why fluid overpressure in shales is either preserved or dissipated. Here, we investigate the generation and preservation of fluid overpressure in different portions of the Wufeng-Longmaxi shales, southeastern Sichuan Basin. These rocks represent a good test case to understand preservation versus loss of overpressure, because different drill holes into the same stratigraphic unit variably show present-day conditions of either normal (~hydrostatic) pressure, or significant overpressures (>hydrostatic). The question is, in the case of the presently normal-pressured shales, did these rocks never experience fluid overpressure, or did overpressure develop but then dissipate? And, if the latter, then when and why was pressure lost? We report detailed evidence that both the presently overpressured and normal-pressured shales consistently record an early (120-106 Ma) stage of high fluid overpressure, >70 % of the lithostatic load, caused by gas generation during deep burial. The pressure regime then later diverged during subsequent uplift, as the currently normal-pressured rocks underwent faster pressure release because of rapid uplift during the late Yanshanian orogeny, whereas the presently overpressured rocks experienced more gradual uplift that favored preservation of high fluid pressures. Our results demonstrate that the fluid inclusions hosted in shale fracture veins directly record the fluid pressure changes in shale layers, providing more intuitive insight into the dynamic evolution of shale gas generation and accumulation.

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Please cite this AAPG Bulletin Ahead of Print article as:

Qing He , Tian Dong , Matthew Steele-MacInnis , Zhiliang He , Dongfeng Hu: Formation, preservation and release of overpressure in shale gas reservoirs, (in press; preliminary version published online Ahead of Print 01 November 2025: AAPG Bulletin, DOI:10.1306/08122524082.

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