The Cypress Hills, modified Tertiary plateaus, extend from the Head of the Mountain, twenty-two miles northwest of Manyberries, Alberta, eastward sixteen miles to the Saskatchewan border and thence forty-two miles into Saskatchewan.

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G. M. Dawson, in the Report of the British North American Boundary Commission of 1875, says the Cypress Hills appear "to follow a ridge of Lignite Tertiary deposits" and maps them as such, quoting Dr. Hector.

R. G. McConnell surveyed the Cypress Hills in 1885 and reports: "The Cypress Hills . . . escaped destruction on account of the thick deposits of Miocene conglomerate which everywhere cover them. The rocks observed---are referable to the following series: Miocene, Larami, Fox Hills, Pierre.

"The Pierre shales, the Fox Hill sandstones and the Laramie . . . are strictly conformable and have a general north-easterly dip of about ten feet per mile. The Miocene is laid unconformably on the Laramie . . . but in some places it overlaps and comes in contact with the Fox Hill."

In Appendix I of McConnell's report, E. D. Cope dates the fossils in the conglomerate as Oligocene not Miocene.

In G.S.C. Memoir 163, Geology of Southern Alberta and Southwestern Saskatchewan 1930, and its accompanying Calgary Map Sheet, based on four summers field work, the writer generally confirms McConnell's conclusions. He also discovered sandstone dykes at three localities east of Manyberries.

Later workers in the area were L. S. Russell, F. H. McLean, G. M. Furnival and W. O. Kupsch.

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