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CSPG Bulletin

Abstract


Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology
Vol. 31 (1983), No. 4. (December), Pages 231-245

Groundhog Coalfield, Central British Columbia: Reconnaissance Stratigraphy and Structure

R.M. Bustin, Ian Moffat

ABSTRACT

The Groundhog coalfield, in north-central British Columbia, contains about 3500 m of Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous strata. The stratigraphic succession is divisible into four (informal) mappable units and a fifth that is mappable in places. The basal unit, the "Jackson", is up to 1800 m thick and comprises marine shale, siltstone, and minor sandstone and conglomerate. This unit is conformably overlain by the "Currier", a Late Jurassic sequence between 400 and 600 m thick, of transitional marine and nonmarine, fine- to coarse-grained sandstone, shale, siltstone and seams of anthracite and meta-anthracite coal. The "McEvoy" unit, which overlies the Currier, consists of dark shale and siltstone, lenticular channel sandstone, thin coal seams and limestone and, locally in the upper part, conglomerate. In the northern part of the coalfield the McEvoy unit is estimated to be 400 to 600 m thick, whereas in the southern part it is 800 m thick. It includes fluvial and lacustrine deposits and at least one marine interval in the lower part. The uppermost unit, the "Devil's Claw", comprises up to 500 m of fluvial conglomerate with interbeds of shale, siltstone and sandstone. East of Kluatantan River and Kluayetz Creek the "Jackson" unit is overlain by 400 to 500 m of fine- to coarse-grained sandstone, siltstone, conglomerate and rare coal seams of the "Prudential" unit. The Prudential unit is a coarser facies of the Currier and possibly the lower McEvoy and upper Jackson units to the west.

The relationship between the succession recognized in the Groundhog coalfield and that of the surrounding Bowser Basin is unclear. The Jackson, Prudential and Currier units are at least equivalent in age to the Bowser Lake Group of the southern Bowser Basin. The McEvoy and Devil's Claw units are unlike the Skeena Group to the south and are probably older strata deposited concordantly with the Bowser Lake Group and escaping erosion during the uplift that preceded deposition of the Skeena Group.

The over-all structural grain in the coalfield trends northwest-southeast and is highly variable laterally and stratigraphically. The Devil's Claw and McEvoy units are relatively broadly folded whereas the underlying units are characterized by tight chevron- and kink-style folds that verge to either the southwest or northeast. The disharmony between the Devil's Claw and McEvoy units and underlying units is considered a result of the relative competency of the beds and the nature of interbedding within the units. No thrusts or transverse faults with major displacement occur although back- and fore-limb thrusts and interstratal peels are common. The Jackson, Prudential and Currier units are penetratively cleaved, whereas cleavage is well developed in the McEvoy unit only in the southeast and northeast parts of the coalfield.

DEPOT DE CHARBON GROUNDHOG DU CENTRE DE LA COLOMBIE BRITANNIQUE: STRATIGRAPHIE ET STRUCTURE RECONNAISSANCE

RESUME

Le depot de charbon Groundhog qui se trouve dans la region nord du centre la Colombie Britannique est forme de 3500 m de sediments du jurassique et du cretace inferieure. La succession stratrigraphique est divisible en quatre unites avec une cinquieme que l'on retrouve dans certains endroits. L'unite de base le Jackson represente environ 1800 m de schistes argileux marins (marine shale) ainsi que des siltstones avec quelque couches de gres et de conglomerat. Le "Currier", une sequence du jurassique superieure, repose en concordance sur le "Jackson" et represente une transition entre sediments marins et continenteaux, gres a granulometrie variable, schistes argileux, siltstones ainsi que quelque couches de charbon anthracitique et meta-anthracitique. Le "McEvoy" qui repose sur le "Currier" est constitue de schistes argileux sombre, siltstones, de chenaux de gres lenticulaire, de calcaires, de minces couches de charbon ainsi que des conglomerats dans certains endroits. Le "McEvoy" mesure 400 a 600 m dans le nord et atteint 800 m d'epaisseur dans le sud du depot Groundhog. Le "McEvoy" est forme par des depots fluviaux et lacustres ainsi qu 'au moins un niveau marin qui se trouve pres de la base. L'unite du haut le "Devil's Claw" represente 500 m de conglomerats fluviatiles intercale de schistes argileux, siltstones et des gres. A l'est de la riviere Kluatantan et de Kluayetz Creek le "Jackson" est recouvert par 400 a 500 m de gres grossiers, siltstones, conglomerats et quelque couches de charbon de l'unite "Prudential". Le "Prudential" est un facies de gres a granulometrie variable du "Currier" et peut-etre de la base du "McEvoy" et des unites superieures du "Jackson" a l'ouest.

Les relations entre les successions reconnues dans la depot Groundhog et celles du Bowser Basin ne sont pas claires. Le "Jackson, Prudential et Currier" ont le meme age que le groupe Bowser Lake du sud du Bowser Basin. Les sediments du "McEvoy" et "Devil's Claw" ne sont pas les memes que ceux du groupe Skeena au sud, ce sont probablement des sediments plus ages deposes en meme temps que le groupe Bowser Lake mais ayant echappe a l'erosion pendant le soulevement qui a precede le deposition du groupe Skeena.

L'orientation de la structure Groundhog est nordouest-sudest et tres varie lateralement ainsi que stratrigraphiquement. Le "Devil's Claw" et le "McEvoy" presentent des plis a grand rayons de courbure, quand aux couches inferieures elles possedent des plis en chevron et en genou (kink) s'orientant sudouest-nordest. La disharmonie entre le "Devil's Claw" et le "McEvoy" et les unites inferieurs provient de la competance et de la nature des roches intercalaires.

Il n'y a pas de chevauchements ni de failles transverses avec deplacement majeur bien qu'il est courant d'observir qu'il y a en mouvements entre les couches ainsi que le long des flancs des plis. Le "Jackson, Prudential et Currier" sont affectes par une schistosite de fracture (penetratively cleaved) tandis que dans le "McEvoy" la schistosite (cleavage) n'est developpe qu'aux regions sudest et nordest du depot de charbon.

Traduit par H. Collet

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