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CSPG Bulletin

Abstract


Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology
Hydrocarbon plays in the Silurian -- Devonian Gaspe Belt, Quebec Appalachians
Vol. 49 (2001), No. 2. (June), Pages 238-261

Source Rock Analysis, Thermal Maturation and Hydrocarbon Generation in the Siluro-Devonian Rocks of the Gaspe Belt Basin, Canada.

Rudolf Bertrand, Michel Malo

ABSTRACT

The northeastern Gaspe Peninsula is divided into two distinct tectono-stratigraphic domains: Cambro-Ordovician rocks of the Humber and Dunnage zones, to the north, and Siluro-Devonian rocks of the Gaspe Belt, to the south. The northeastern part of the Gaspe Belt is being investigated for its hydrocarbon potential. This area is dissected by major NW-trending faults that divide the study area into three tectonic domains: the northern, central and southern blocks. During the Late Silurian-Early Devonian Salinic disturbance, the faults were active as synsedimentary normal faults. Faults were reactivated as dextral strike-slip faults during the Middle Devonian Acadian Orogeny. Regional Acadian folds are ENE- to E-trending. Locally, NW-trending folds related to the Salinic disturbance occur close to the faults.

Because of their total organic carbon content (TOC), the Cambro-Ordovician rocks were considered to be more likely source rocks than rocks of the Siluro-Devonian Gaspe Belt before maturation.

Good source rock intervals are locally present in the York River Formation, in all the tectonic blocks of the study area. These beds are rich in organic matter, are marginally mature and of limited extent. Based on TOC and Rock-Eval analyses, the Indian Point and Forillon formations show significant thicknesses of fair source rocks in some wells of the central block where most oil indications and seeps occur. Our results indicate that these source rocks have the highest hydrocarbon potential.

A new calibration is proposed between the reflectance of collotelinite (standard vitrinite) and that of chitinozoans and solid bitumen, which are more common than vitrinite in marine successions of the Gaspe Belt. Interpretation of reflectance analysis indicates that thermal maturation in the Gaspe Belt succession is primarily related to burial and occurred during deposition of the Gaspe Sandstones. Maximum burial is contemporaneous with Acadian ENE- to E-trending folding and pre-dates strike-slip faulting. Oil and condensate in Indian Point and Forillon formations were mostly produced before the Acadian deformation, but after the Salinic disturbance. Potential source rocks of the York River Formation generated some oil during and after Acadian deformation.

RESUME

Le NE de la Gaspesie est divise en deux domaines tectono-stratigraphiques distincts: les roches cambro-ordoviciennes des zones de Humber et de Dunnage au nord et les roches siluro-devoniennes de la ceinture de Gaspe au sud. La partie NE de la ceinture de Gaspe est investiguee pour son potentiel en hydrocarbures. Cette region est traversee par des failles majeures d'orientation NO qui divisent la region en trois domaines tectoniques: les blocs nord, central et sud. Celles-ci ont agi en failles normales durant la sedimentation tardi-silurienne - devonienne precoce pendant la pulsation salinique et ont rejoue en failles de decrochement dextre durant l'orogenie acadienne au Devonien Moyen. Les plis regionaux acadiens sont de direction ENE a E. Localement, des plis d'orientation NO, associes a la pulsation salinique, sont spatialement associes a des failles de meme orientation.

D'apres leur contenu en carbone organique total, les roches cambro-ordoviciennes ont probablement ete de meilleures roches meres que les roches siluro-devoniennes de la ceinture de Gaspe avant leur maturation.

Dans les trois blocs tectoniques, des roches meres sont observees localement dans la Formation de York River. Celles-ci sont toutefois d'extension limitee et marginalement matures. D'apres les analyses de carbone organique et de Rock-Eval, des roches meres d'epaisseurs plus importantes, mais de qualite moyenne, s'observent dans les formations d'Indian Point et de Forillon du bloc central, la ou la majorite des indices d'huile sont observes. Nos resultats indiquent que ces roches meres ont deja genere la majeure partie de leur potentiel en hydrocarbures.

End_Page 238------------------------

Un nouvel etalonnage est propose entre la reflectance de la collotelinite (vitrinite standard) et celle des chitinozoaires et du bitume solide, plus abondants que la vitrinite dans les successions marines de la ceinture de Gaspe. La reflectance de la matiere organique indique que la maturation thermique des successions de la ceinture de Gaspe est principalement due a l'enfouissement et qu'elle a eu lieu durant la sedimentation des Gres de Gaspe. L'enfouissement maximal est contemporain avec les plissements acadiens d'orientation ENE et predate les mouvements le long des failles de decrochement. La generation d'huile et de condensats dans les formations d'Indian Point et de Forillon precedent la deformation acadienne, mais postdatent l'episode salinique. Les Gres de Gaspe ont genere leur huile apres la deformation acadienne.

Traduit par les auteurs.


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