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The AAPG/Datapages Combined Publications Database
Environmental Geosciences (DEG)
Abstract
Environmental Geosciences, V.
2003. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists/Division of Environmental Geosciences. All rights reserved.
Rapid analysis of organophosphorus pesticides in soils
Vergel B. Casunuran,1 Stephan B. H. Bach,2 Dibyendu Sarkar3
1Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 6900 North Loop 1604 West, San Antonio, Texas 78249-0663
2Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 6900 North Loop 1604 West, San Antonio, Texas 78249-0663
3Department of Earth and Environmental Science, The University of Texas at San Antonio, 6900 North Loop 1604 West, San Antonio, Texas 78249-0663; [email protected]
AUTHORS
Vergel B. Casunuran is an environmental consultant with Booz Allen Hamilton at their San Antonio, Texas, location. Mr. Casunuran received his M.S. in chemistry from the University of Texas at San Antonio and has been working as a consultant environmental chemist since 1994. His interests are in the degradation of recalcitrant compounds and explosives and the application of mass spectrometry to environmental quality and remediation issues.
Stephen Bach is an associate professor of chemistry and director of the Mass Spectrometry Facility at the University of Texas at San Antonio. Bach received his Ph.D. in physical chemistry from the University of Florida and did his postdoctoral training at the University of Florida and at the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, DC. His interests are in the application of mass spectrometry to environmental quality and remediation issues.
Dibyendu Sarkar is an assistant professor and the director of the Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory at the University of Texas at San Antonio. Sarkar received his Ph.D. from the University of Tennessee and did his postdoctoral training at the University of Florida. His areas of expertise include soil chemistry, environmental quality and remediation, and risk assessment. Sarkar is also an associate editor of Environmental Geosciences.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This paper is based in part on work supported by the Texas Advanced Technology Program under Grant 003658-0167b-1997. The Finnigan 4500 GCMS used in this project was donated to the UTSA by Texas Instruments, Dallas, Texas. Grant support was also provided by the Small Grants Program, College of Sciences and Engineering, the UTSA, and the Welch Foundation. This research was also supported in part by educational assistance programs from the Waste Policy Institute and Science Applications International Corporation (V.B.C.). The GC-NPD analysis was performed in the analytical laboratory of the Chemistry Division, Brooks Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas.
ABSTRACT
An analytical methodology for directly analyzing organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) in solid matrices was devised around a multigram capacity direct insertion probe (DIP) interfaced to a quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS). The DIP-MS system was used to analyze acephate [O,S-dimethyl acetylphosphoramidothioate] and diazinon [O,O-diethyl-O-(2-isopropyl-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl)phosphorothioate] in a "clean" sand matrix, namely, Ottawa sand. Diazinon was also analyzed in a Florida spodosol, Immokalee soil. Instrument detection limit studies demonstrate that the DIP-MS system is capable of detecting 5 
g of acephate in the absence of an interfering matrix. The method detection limit for diazinon was calculated at 2.5 g. DIP-MS analysis of diazinon in the Immokalee soil showed as much as a 50% reduction in instrument response compared to the relatively pure Ottawa sand. This was attributable to the "dilution effect" of codesorbing soil organic matter. Results from the performance evaluation studies using Immokalee soil demonstrate the potential of the DIP-MS technique to directly analyze OPPs and other thermally extractable chemicals in soils and other solid matrices without the need for solvent extraction, sample pretreatment, or confirmation by other analytical methods.
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