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Abstract
Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions
Volume 54 (2004)
EXTENDED ABSTRACT: Tectonically
Induced Fracturing, Folding, and Groundwater Flow in South Florida
Missimer, Thomas M.1 and Maliva, Robert G.1
ABSTRACT
Groundwater flow in the confined aquifers of
South Florida is strongly influenced by the diagenesis and structural deformation
of aquifer rock. Fractured dolomites are often the main flow zones. Deformation
observed in post-Paleocene-aged rocks has often been attributed to karstic
collapse related to the dissolution of Paleogene carbonates or Paleocene
and Late Cretaceous evaporates. Seismic and borehole stratigraphic data
from scattered locations in Florida reveal that regional folding is more
common than previously recognized. The typical continuity of strata and paucity
of steep-sided collapsed structures suggest that the folding is related to
regional compressional events rather than karstic collapse.
The most widespread compressional event occurred
in the late Miocene and early Pliocene, towards the end of the deposition
of the Hawthorn Group. The subsurface folding has maximum relief on the order
of 70 meters. Seismic surveys from both the east and west coasts of Florida,
and stratigraphic correlations across wellfields in Lee and Collier counties,
show that latest Miocene to recent sediments buried the folds. The late Miocene
compressional event correlates with a regional tectonic event. The stratigraphic
distribution of fractured dolomites and subsurface stratigraphic data document
earlier structural events. The combination of a paleohydrogeologic control
over the geometry of dolomite bodies and a potential tectonically controlled
preferred orientation of fractures introduces considerable anisotropy to
aquifers, which may be at least qualitatively predictable.
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