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Abstract
Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies Transactions
Volume 54 (2004)
EXTENDED ABSTRACT: Conforming and
Non-Conforming Sands - An Organizing Framework for Seismic Rock Properties
Young, Roger A.1 and LoPiccolo, Robert D.1
ABSTRACT
A new classification for AVO (amplitude versus
offset) has been proposed to include all possible combinations of near and
far trace polarities and amplitudes. This classification admits all sands
regardless of the sign of the impedance contrast of the sand with the overlying
shale or the direction (positive or negative) of change in impedance contrast
reflectivity with increasing offset.
Previous AVO classifications have assigned gas
sands to various classes (one through three, four, or five - depending on the
author). These classes cover only a subset of the possible combinations
of reflectivity that can occur with offset. Generally, the tops of sands
in these classes are characterized by negative reflection coefficients or
by positive reflection coefficients, which become negative with increasing
offset. In the new classification these sand classes are defined as conforming
types, whereas sands with positive reflection coefficients on both near and
far offsets or those, which have negative reflection coefficients becoming
more positive with increasing offset, are described as non-conforming types.
By providing a complete classification of AVO
types a solid framework is established for systematically investigating rock
and fluid properties, of each of the resulting ten AVO types, with seismic
data. An understanding of the characteristics of the two categories of sand
types and the variations of AVO response for the different sands within the
categories is critical in accurately assessing any geologically-interesting
property.
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