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The AAPG/Datapages Combined Publications Database
Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists
Abstract
Geology and Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources in the Madison Group, Williston Basin, North Dakota and Montana
Abstract
Two of the total petroleum systems (TPS) defined as part of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assessment of the Williston Basin contain Mississippian Madison Group strata: 1) the Bakken-Lodgepole TPS, which includes the Lodgepole Formation; and 2) the Madison TPS, which includes the Mission Canyon, Charles, and Spearfish formations.
The Bakken-Lodgepole TPS is defined as the area in which oil generated from the upper and lower shales of the Upper Devonian-Lower Mississippian Bakken Formation has accumulated in reservoirs
in the Three Forks, Bakken, and Lodgepole formations. Two
conventional
assessment units (AU) have been identified within the Bakken-Lodgepole TPS, including one in the Bakken Formation and another in the Waulsortian mound
reservoirs
of the lower Lodgepole Formation. Lodgepole Formation Waulsortian mound oil production has been restricted to a small part of Stark County, North Dakota.
Reservoirs
are sealed by
middle
and upper Lodgepole Formation tight argillaceous limestones. Several nonproductive mounds and mound-like structures have also been identified in the Lodgepole Formation. Productivity correlates closely with the oil window of the Bakken Formation shales, and also indicates the likelihood of limited lateral migration of Bakken Formation oil into Lodgepole Formation
reservoirs
in North Dakota and Montana. Such considerations limit the estimated mean of undiscovered, technically recoverable resources to 8 million barrels of oil (MMBO) for the Lodgepole Formation
conventional
reservoirs
.
The Madison TPS is defined as the area where oil generated from Mission Canyon and Charles formation source
rocks
has accumulated in
reservoirs
of the Mission Canyon and Charles formations and in
reservoirs
within the Triassic Spearfish Formation. One continuous reservoir AU, the Mission Canyon-Charles AU, was defined within the Madison TPS; its boundary coincides with the TPS boundary. There is extensive
conventional
production throughout the AU on major structures and in stratigraphic-structural traps. The largest fields are on the Little Knife, Billings Nose, and Nesson anticlines. Recent studies show that Madison Group oils were generated from organic-rich Mission Canyon Formation and Ratcliffe Interval carbonates adjacent to the
reservoirs
. Seals were formed by overlying or lateral evaporites or tight carbonates. Based on available geologic and production data, the undiscovered oil resources for
conventional
reservoirs
in the Mission Canyon-Charles AU were estimated to have a mean of 45 MMBO.
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