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The AAPG/Datapages Combined Publications Database

Journal of Sedimentary Research (SEPM)

Abstract


Journal of Sedimentary Research, Section A: Sedimentary Petrology and Processes
Vol. 68 (1998), No. 5. (September), Pages 913-927

Origin of Platy Calcite Crystals in Hot-Spring Deposits in the Kenya Rift Valley

Brian Jones (1), Robin W. Renaut (2)

ABSTRACT

Platy calcite crystals, which have their c axis parallel to their shortest length axis, are common components of travertine deposits found around some hot springs in the Kenya Rift Valley. They are composite crystals formed of numerous paper-thin subcrystals. Individual plates allowed to grow without obstruction develop a hexagonal motif. The Kenyan crystals typically form in hot (> 75°C) waters that have a low Ca content (< 10 mg l-1), a high CO2 content, and a high rate of CO2 degassing.

At Chemurkeu, aggregates of numerous small platy crystals collectively form "lattice crystals" that superficially resemble "ray crystals". The walls of the lattice crystals are formed of large platy crystals that have their long and intermediate length axes aligned parallel to the plane of the long axis of the lattice crystal. Internally, the lattice crystals are formed of small platy calcite crystals arranged in a box-like pattern that creates the appearance of a lattice when viewed in thin section. Lattice crystals are highly porous, with each pore being enclosed by platy crystals.

At Lorusio, travertines are mainly formed of "pseudodentrites" that are constructed by numerous small platy crystals attached to a main stem which is a large platy crystal that commonly curves along its long axis. The pseudodentrites are the main construction blocks in ledges and lilypads that form in the vent pool and spring outflow channels, where the water is too hot for microbes other than hyperthermophiles.

The platy calcite crystals in the Kenyan travertines are morphologically similar to platy calcite crystals that form as scale in pipes in the geothermal fields of New Zealand and hydrothermal "angel wing" calcite from the La Fe mine in Mexico. Comparison of the Kenyan and New Zealand crystals indicates that platy calcite crystals form from waters with a low Ca2+ content and a high CO3/Ca ratio due to rapid rates of CO2 degassing.


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