The modern industrial hydrocarbon exploration started in the Boryslav–Pokuttya zone in 1904. In 1905, the well Oil City produced approximately 3000 t of oil/day and 900,000 m³ (31.8 mmcf) of gas per day from the Oligocene Boryslav sandstone, a very significant amount at the beginning of 20th century. After the Second World War, the Dolyna and Bytkiv–Babche oil fields were discovered. The Boryslav–Pokuttya unit in the Ukrainian Carpathians is interpreted as a complex thrust system consisting of the five north-verging folded thrust sheets. The stratigraphic column of this zone includes the Upper Cretaceous deposits, but the Paleogene reservoirs contain almost 95% of the total recoverable hydrocarbons. These deep-marine deposits form the bodies of genetically related mass-flow and turbidity currents. A series of palinspastic maps interpreting the main depositional features was prepared to illustrate the distribution of main turbiditic systems. Traps in all fields are structural or combined structural-stratigraphic, dominated by faulted anticlines bounded by the detachments. Three major fields are described in detail as the classic Eastern Carpathian hydrocarbon accumulations with the long history of exploration and production.