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The AAPG/Datapages Combined Publications Database
AAPG Special Volumes
Abstract
R. Swennen, F. Roure, and J. W. Granath, eds., Deformation, fluid flow, and reservoir appraisal in foreland fold and thrust belts: AAPG Hedberg Series, no. 1, p.
DOI:10.1306/1025688H13112
Two-dimensional Kinematic Modeling of the Southern Kirthar Fold Belt, Pakistan
J. N. Fowler,1 R. Graham,2 W. Sassi,3 J. D. Smewing,4 J. Warburton5
1Eni-LASMO Oil Pakistan Ltd., Karachi, Pakistan; Present address: Agip KCO, Den Haag, The Netherlands.
2Eni-LASMO Oil Pakistan Ltd., Karachi, Pakistan; Present address: Amerada Hess, London, United Kingdom.
3Eni-LASMO Oil Pakistan Ltd., Karachi, Pakistan; Present address: Earth Resources Ltd., Swansea, United Kingdom.
4Eni-LASMO Oil Pakistan Ltd., Karachi, Pakistan; Present address: Executive Insight Pty. Ltd., Paddington, Sydney, Australia.
5Institut Franais du P
trole, Rueil Malmaison, France
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors thank BHP Pakistan for permission to publish their data. The contributions of Mujahid Ali, Nazir ul Haq, Simon Beswetherick, Jonathan Craig, and Alastair Sharp are gratefully acknowledged. The management of Eni-LASMO Pakistan, Ltd., are thanked for permission to publish this chapter. The chapter benefited from reviews by Jean-Louis Mugnier and John Bell.
ABSTRACT
A study of the southern Kirthar fold belt in Pakistan was undertaken to elucidate the hinterland structure and hydrocarbon prospectivity. Interpretation of structure and stratigraphy is difficult because of suboptimal seismic data, a lack of hinterland well data, and a transition from shelfal to basinal stratigraphy. An interpretation of two cross
sections
was made using outcrop and seismic data and well data from foreland discoveries. The Institut Fran
ais du P
trole Thrustpack
software was used to validate the
structural
model and provide data on the maturity of the source rock.
The Kirthar fold belt is dominated by open and symmetrical folds that are driven by inversion of basement-involved Jurassic extensional faults. Thrusts have been interpreted with two detachments, thrusts with a shallow detachment in the Eocene mudstones and thrusts with a deeper detachment in the Lower Cretaceous source rock interval that involve the reservoir during deformation.
The major mountain-building episode is interpreted as late PlioceneāPleistocene, but there is evidence for earlier inversion dating from the late Paleocene associated with the emplacement of the Bela ophiolite and constrained by maturity data obtained from outcrop. Early inversion and uplift impacts the burial curve and, thus, the prospectivity of the area.
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