A complex network of coupled reaction, transport, and mechanical (RTM) processes underlies the genesis, dynamics, and characteristics of basins. Estimation of basin evolution is therefore outside the realm of simple approaches. In this chapter, a comprehensive 3-D basin model is described that accounts for a full suite of RTM processes. Our model accounts for rock deformation, fracturing, gouge, and faulting, as well as other processes (multiphase flow, organic and inorganic diagenesis, texture dynamics, and heat transfer). The model accounts for most coupling among these RTM processes and accounts for boundary influences (i.e., the tectonic, sea level, basement heat flux, and sedimentation/erosion histories). Basin RTM provides a platform for integrating available data using the framework provided by the laws of physics and chemistry. It is also being used to test new concepts and models in fundamental basin research.

To illustrate the importance of coupling and comprehensiveness of the model and their 3-D character, we illustrate the use of our model in fractured reservoir, faulting, and salt tectonic regimes. The role of nonlinear phenomena in basin evolution is illustrated.