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Abstract
Chapter from: M
61: Basin Compartments and Seals
Edited by
Peter J. OrtolevaAuthor:
Randi S. Martinsen Methodology and Concepts
Published 1994 as
part of Memoir 61
Copyright © 1994 The American Association of Petroleum
Geologists. All Rights Reserved |
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Chapter 18
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Stratigraphic
Compartmentation of Reservoir Sandstones: Examples from the Muddy Sandstone,
Powder River Basin, WyomingRandi S. Martinsen
University of Wyoming
Laramie, Wyoming, U.S.A.
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ABSTRACT
The Lower Cretaceous Muddy Sandstone (Viking
Formation equivalent) is a thin but complex stratigraphic unit that contains
a variety of anomalously pressured compartments. One or more lowstand surfaces
of subaerial exposure and erosion (LSEs), numerous transgressive surfaces
of submarine erosion (TSEs), and varying lithofacies compartmentalize the
Muddy Sandstone stratigraphically on at least three levels. The first level
of compartmentation is defined by the relief along the LSE surface(s),
which is highly variable and physically divides the Muddy, both vertically
and laterally, into older and younger sequences. The second level is defined
by the intersection of shales above the TSEs with the LSE (either by onlap
or truncation). The third level results from variations in lithofacies.
Whereas many of the compartments comprise classic stratigraphic traps consisting
of shale (seal) encompassing sandstone (reservoir/compartment), compartments
exist wherein sand is juxtaposed against sand without benefit of intervening
shales to serve as a seal. In these situations, the seal appears to consist
of a paleosol developed beneath the LSE. The distribution and geometries
of pressure compartments in the Muddy have a high degree of correspondence
to the various scales of stratigraphic compartmentation observed. In all
probability, similar levels of stratigraphic complexity characterize many
basins. Any analysis of the controls on pressure compartment formation
and distribution therefore should incorporate these stratigraphic complexities
and not assume that stratigraphic systems are characteristically simple. |
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