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Abstract
Chapter from: M
62: Petroleum Basins of South America
Edited by
A. J. Tankard, R. Suarez Soruco, and H. J. WelsinkAuthor:
P. B. Jones Basin and Aerial Analysis/Evaluation
Published 1995 as
part of Memoir 62
Copyright © 1995 The American Association of Petroleum
Geologists. All Rights Reserved. |
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Geodynamic
Evolution of the Eastern Andes, Colombia-An Alternative Hypothesis
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Peter B. Jones
International Tectonic
Consultants Ltd.
Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Abstract
Recent hypotheses
of the Miocene-Pliocene structural evolution of the Eastern Cordillera
of the Andes in Colombia have proposed a divergent fan model combining
a system of southeast-verging, basement-rooted thrust faults beneath the
eastern edge of the Cordillera with a system of northwest-verging thrusts
rooted in the basement beneath its western edge. However, structural relationships
within the western thrust system indicate that its faults are superficial
posttectonic gravity-driven features. This leads to an alternative hypothesis
for the evolution of the Colombian Andes, which has significant structural ,
stratigraphic, and temporal implications for hydrocarbon exploration.
In the new model, the Eastern
Cordillera and Perija Andes are interpreted as elements of a single southeast-verging
thrust sheet with minor imbrications. Initially, this thrust sheet moved
east-southeastward as a blind thrust sheet with triangle zone (buried thrust
front) geometry, creating the continuous uplifted area of the Eastern Cordillera,
Santandar massif, and Perija Andes. The overthrust sheet was subsequently
transported "piggy-back" farther southeast to its present location by emplacement
of the underlying Merida Andes thrust system, for a total shortening of
approximately 185 km. According to the new model, the incipient leading
edge of this overthrust sheet was offset by an oblique lateral ramp. After
deformation, the resultant lateral step in the footwall was accommodated
by normal fault movement in the overthrust sheet, forming the Bucaramanga
fault, with an apparent strike-slip offset of 210 km. |
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