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Abstract
Chapter from: M
63: Unconformities and  Porosity in Carbonate Strata
Edited By
D.A. Budd, A.H. Saller, and P.M. HarrisAuthor:
Arthur N. Palmer Carbonate Reservoirs
Published 1995 as
part of Memoir 63
Copyright © 1995 The American Association of Petroleum
Geologists. All Rights Reserved.
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Chapter 4
*
Geochemical
Models for the Origin of Macroscopic Solution Porosity in Carbonate RocksArthur N. Palmer
State University of New
York
Oneonta, New York, U.S.A.
*
ABSTRACT
Any single geologic setting may include
a variety of geochemical environments, each capable of producing a different
type of carbonate solution porosity. Also, many types of porosity can form
in more than one geologic setting. Thus, the interpretation of solution
porosity is best approached by first delineating the geochemical processes
necessary to form the observed pattern of porosity, and then using these
insights to assess the broader geologic context. Throughout most of any
carbonate formation the solution process is highly selective, and only
those openings of maximum groundwater flow are enlarged, while surrounding
openings undergo little or no enlargement. Pervasive macroscopic porosity,
in which nearly all initial openings are enlarged by solution, is formed
by: (1) meteoric water with high discharge and/or low flow distance, (2)
mixing of waters of disparate chemistry, (3) oxidation of hydrogen sulfide,
or (4) production of acids by redox reactions involving carbon compounds
in reducing environments. Areally extensive solution porosity within a
narrow stratigraphic range usually indicates solution or reduction of sulfates.
Cavernous solution porosity is negligible where aggressive infiltration
is lacking, in deep zones where groundwater chemistry is uniform, and in
low-flow areas of diagenetically mature carbonate rocks far from sources
of groundwater recharge. |
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