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Abstract
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Chapter 6
*
 Sequence Stratigraphy
and Marine to Nonmarine Facies Architecture of Foreland Basin Strata, Book
Cliffs, Utah, U.S.A.
John C. Van Wagoner
Exxon Production Research
Co.
Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
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ABSTRACT
The Desert Member of the Blackhawk Formation
and the Castlegate Sandstone in the Book Cliffs of Utah and Colorado were
analyzed to develop a model of sequence stratigraphy and facies architecture
in foreland basins. Stratal architecture of these rocks is controlled by
two regionally extensive surfaces of incision and subaerial exposure interpreted
as major sequence boundaries, and at least six surfaces of incision and
subaerial exposure with more limited lateral extent, interpreted as minor
sequence boundaries. Each sequence boundary is a regionally correlatable,
single surface. Major sequence boundaries can be traced from marine into
proximal alluvial plain environments. Sequence boundaries have different
physical expressions depending upon where in the basin they are observed.
Strata beneath sequence boundaries are unrelated to strata above, and time
lines cannot be carried across these boundaries. Flooding surfaces, called
parasequence or parasequence set boundaries, also exert an important control
on facies architecture.
Based on parasequence stacking patterns,
position of sequence boundaries, and facies associations, the Desert Member
and Castlegate Sandstone have been divided into sequences with durations
of 200,000 to 300,000 yr. There are an order of magnitude more sequences
in this interval than are predicted by the global sea level chart of Haq
et al. (1988). The major sequences have been divided into the following
systems tracts or sequence sets: (1) Grassy highstand sequence set below
the Desert sequence boundary, named for the Grassy Member of the Blackhawk
Formation, (2) Desert lowstand, transgressive, and highstand systems tracts
between the Desert and Castlegate sequence boundaries, (3) Castlegate lowstand
sequence set resting on the Castlegate sequence boundary, and (4) Castlegate
transgressive systems tract.
Parasequence stacking patterns suggest
that the Grassy highstand sequence set and the Desert highstand systems
tract were deposited during a relative rise in baselevel. The Grassy highstand
sequence set is punctuated by minor relative falls in baselevel. Both of
these stratal units contain thick,
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