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Abstract
Tectonic Sequence Stratigraphy of the Western Margin of the Gulf of Mexico in the Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic: Less Passive than Previously Imagined
Andrew D. Horbury,1 Stephen Hall2 Francisco Gonzlez-P.,3 Dioniso Rodrguez-F.,3 Armando Reyes-F.,3 Patricia Ortiz-G.,3 Martn Martnez-M.,3 Guillermo Quintanilla-R.3
1Cambridge Carbonates Ltd., Solihull, West Midlands, U.K. and Royal Holloway College, University of London, U.K.
2StrucOil Inc., Houston, Texas, U.S.A.; Present affiliation: Woodside Petroleum Ltd., Perth, Australia.
3PEP, Tampico, Mexico
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
First we would like to thank Pemex Exploration and Production for permission to publish this work, which is a by-product of various PEP-funded projects over a period of nine years. In particular, the permission of Adn Oviedo and Arturo Soto is gratefully acknowledged. Although this work is based on data from the Tampico and Veracruz offices of Pemex, many people in other Pemex offices have contributed in different ways to this work, through participation in projects, advice, and discussion at various times. Their names are too numerous to mention but this work is in many ways thanks to them and their generosity. Specifically, people who have helped us develop our regional understanding, in preparation of this manuscript, and in discussion of the topics within who require special thanks (but no blame for the contents or conclusions) are (in Mexico): Guillermo Prez-Cruz, Noemi Aguilera, Ulises Hernndez, Conrad Sabino, Jos Hernndez, Daniel Velez, Alfredo Mahrx, Jaime Patio, Juan Duran, Aurelio Garza, and Juan Rico. In the United Kingdom, we would like to thank Mike Simmons (Cambridge Arctic Shelf Project, now at Neftex Ltd.) for his opinion of critical biostratigraphic data, and in the United States, Steve Cossey for advice on characteristics of submarine canyon systems. Many of the concepts here resulted from original concepts discussed with Mark Shann in 1992–1996, for which the senior author would like to give due credit. Many thanks need to go to John Scott and Rowland Benbrook who drafted many of the figures, often at short notice. We would also like to thank James Lee Wilson and Charles Winker for thoughtful reviews of the manuscript, and lastly, to Neil Pickard for a final checking of the manuscript prior to publication.
ABSTRACT
Middle Eocene compression resulted in formation of the Sierra Madre Oriental fold and thrust belt and end-early Miocene compression resulted in formation of the Chiapas-Campeche fold and thrust belt. These events mask the importance of other periods of deformation, principally in the Middle–Late Jurassic, Late Cretaceous, and Paleogene. Deformation is represented by folding, thick-skinned thrusting, basin inversion, and development of major angular unconformities. Associated features include development of karstification, production of breccias, onlap, lowstand wedges, seeding of carbonate platforms, entry of siliciclastic sediments into carbonate basins, significant switches in input directions of clastic sedimentary systems, initiation of extensional tectonism basinward of the compressive deformation front and igneous activity.
We propose that, during the late Mesozoic and the Cenozoic, Pacific plate-margin compressive deformation often extended eastward into the Gulf of Mexico. Two main belts of deformation are identified, which are linked back to Pacific plate-margin processes by postulated deep-seated faults. The first and outer (easternmost) belt is seen on regional seismic lines as a long-wavelength, easterly facing, monoclonal fold that developed close to the transition of thick into thinned continental crust. The Sierra Madre Oriental is the second belt of which the structural history already has been well described in the literature. Where salt is present at depth, compressional events are expressed only as laterally propagated thin-skinned folds and thrusts.
These events are of critical importance in that they contribute many unique geologic features that cumulatively give Mexico a world-class petroleum system.
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