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The AAPG/Datapages Combined Publications Database
AAPG Special Volumes
Abstract
Rick
Sarg
Seismic
imaging of carbonate reservoirs and systems
2004. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists. All rights reserved.
Seismic
Stratigraphic Evolution of the Miocene
Pliocene Segitiga Platform, East Natuna Sea, Indonesia: The Origin, Growth, and Demise of an Isolated Carbonate Platform
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Steven L. Bachtel,1 Randal D. Kissling,2 Dwi Martono,3 Setya P. Rahardjanto,4 Paul A. Dunn,1 Bruce A. MacDonald5
1ExxonMobil Upstream Research Company, Houston, Texas
2ExxonMobil Development Company, Houston, Texas
3Pertamina, Inc., Jakarta, Indonesia
4ExxonMobil Oil Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
5ExxonMobil Production Company, Houston, Texas
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Thanks to various divisions of ExxonMobil Corporation and Pertamina, Inc., for permission to publish the results of this study. Special thanks goes to numerous past ExxonMobil geologists who first studied these platforms and the Natuna field based on more widely spaced 2-D data. Thanks to Lyndon Yose and Jim Markello who edited early versions of this manuscript. Volker Vahrenkamp, Andrei Beloposky, and Jose Luis Massaferro provided excellent reviews and technical edits for the manuscript. Thanks to Steve Dorobek for providing the impetus to finish this chapter.
ABSTRACT
A high-resolution, two-dimensional seismic
survey covering 7500 km2 provides an unprecedented view of the evolution of a Miocene
Pliocene carbonate platform in the East Natuna
Sarawak Sea, Indonesia. The Segitiga Platform (1400 km2) contains Terumbu Formation carbonate strata as much as 1800 m thick that were deposited in platform interior, reef and shoal margin, and slope to basin environments.
The Segitiga Platform was subdivided into 12 seismic
sequences that demonstrate a history of (1) initial isolation, (2) progradation and coalescence, (3) backstepping and shrinkage, and (4) terminal drowning. Interpretations of
seismic
facies maps for each sequence were used to help illustrate platform history. These
seismic
facies maps indicate that the Segitiga Platform originated as three smaller platforms on extensional fault-block highs. Deep intraplatform seaways separated these smaller platforms. Progradation of shallow-water carbonates filled the seaways during a phase of coalescence and the three platforms were amalgamated to form a merged composite platform (1400 km2; middle
upper Miocene). A rapid relative rise in sea level at the end of Miocene time caused a major backstepping of the carbonate margins (and a concomitant drowning of the adjacent Natuna field carbonate platform to the east) resulting in a platform of greatly reduced size (600 km2) during the lower Pliocene. Rapid subsidence, combined with an eustatic rise at the end of the early Pliocene, caused terminal drowning of the Segitiga Platform. The platform was buried by younger siliciclastics of the Muda Formation.
Eustatic sea level change controlled the timing of sequence-boundary formation, but structural movements modified internal sequence character and facies distribution. Faulting created topography that acted as templates for the initiation of carbonate platform deposition and provided pedestals for the localization of backstepped platforms. Cessation of faulting may have instigated progradation of the platform resulting from the deceleration of accommodation-space production. Regional subsidence may have controlled the location and extent of platform backstepping. Geographic variability in sequence stacking of coeval platform margins is observed over relatively short distances. Progradation is most strongly developed on the leeward side of the platform, but increased accommodation resulting from the rapid local subsidence or changing oceanographic currents also influenced the direction and magnitude of progradation.
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