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Abstract

R. Sorkhabi and Y. Tsuji, 2005, Faults, fluid flow, and petroleum traps: AAPG Memoir 85, p. 125-138.

DOI:10.1306/1033720M853133

Copyright copy2005 by The American Association of Petroleum Geologists.

Development of Synthetic Layer Dip Adjacent to Normal Faults

David A. Ferrill,1 Alan P. Morris,2 Darrell W. Sims,3 Deborah J. Waiting,4 Shutaro Hasegawa5

1Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses (CNWRA), Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A.
2Division of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A.
3Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses (CNWRA), Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A.
4Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses (CNWRA), Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, U.S.A.
5Technology Research Center, Japan National Oil Corporation, Chiba, Japan; Present address: Idemitsu Oil amp Gas Co., Tokyo, Japan.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This chapter is part of research work carried out for the Traps and Seals Project at the Japan National Oil Corporation, Technology Research Center (presently Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation). Uko Suzuki was then manager of the Traps and Seals Project, and Rasoul Sorkhabi acted as coordinator on behalf of the Traps and Seals Project. Daichi Sato and Kiyofumi Suzuki participated in the fieldwork in November 1999, and we thank them for technical discussions and their camaraderie. This chapter benefited from technical reviews by Larry McKague, Wesley Patrick, James Evans, Richard Groshong, Rasoul Sorkhabi, and Alan Gibbs. We thank Rebecca Emmot and Janie Gonzalez for preparing the manuscript.

ABSTRACT

Field analyses of normal faulting illustrate that synthetic layer dip associated with normal faults is a common feature of extensional Previous HitfaultNext Hit systems. These synthetic dip panels are developed where layers on upthrown, downthrown, or both sides of a normal Previous HitfaultNext Hit dip toward the downthrown side of the Previous HitfaultNext Hit. Synthetic dip panels adjacent to normal faults should be expected at some scale in all normal Previous HitfaultNext Hit systems. In addition to faults that developed in the strata with a regional dip, five Previous HitfaultNext Hit-related mechanisms for the development of synthetic dip are faulted monocline (Previous HitfaultNext Hit tip-line folding), antilistric Previous HitfaultNext Hit bend, distributed shear, shear in relay zone of vertically and/or laterally segmented faults, and Previous HitfaultNext Hit block impingement and lateral contraction. Development of synthetic dip accommodates a component of throw by tilting or folding, thereby reducing the offset or true displacement on the related normal faults. Previous HitFaultNext Hit block deformation is strongly dependent on the mechanisms that produce synthetic dip panels and may influence Previous HitfaultNext Hit zone and Previous HitfaultTop block permeability. Depending on stratigraphic and structural relationships, synthetic dip panels can produce a downthrown closure for hydrocarbon trapping, provide fluid migration and/or production communication pathways across faults, or produce barriers to fluid communication across faults.

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