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Abstract
Jonk, R., B. T. Cronin, and A. Hurst,
DOI:10.1306/1209865M873267
Variations in Sediment Extrusion in Basin-floor, Slope, and Delta-front Settings: Sand Volcanoes and Extruded Sand Sheets from the Namurian of County Clare, Ireland
R. Jonk,1 B. T. Cronin,2 A. Hurst3
1Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
2Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
3Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, United Kingdom
ABSTRACT
An outcrop and microtextural study of sand volcanoes from the Namurian of County Clare is presented. Sand volcanoes occur on top of mud-rich slumps that are interpreted to have loaded the sediment pile and caused rapid compaction and fluid expulsion from the underlying units. Fluids migrated into the most permeable sand-rich bodies in the slump, and fluidized grains were then extruded at the sediment-water interface. In some cases, a laterally extensive extrusive sheet of silt and sand developed, with volcanoes located at focused sites of sediment expulsion. From microtextural studies, several (geologically short-lived) episodes of sediment and fluid expulsion are recognized as distinct, normally graded silt to sand-size beds separated by clay-rich beds. The clay-rich beds may either represent background sedimentation between expulsion events or may have been part of the extruding fluidized sediment itself.
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