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Abstract
Jonk, R., D. Duranti, A. Hurst, J. Parnell, and A. E. Fallick,
DOI:10.1306/1209870M873267
Aqueous and Petroleum Fluids Associated with Sand Injectites Hosted by Lacustrine Shales from the Oil-Shale Group (Dinantian), Midland Valley, Scotland
R. Jonk,1 D. Duranti,2 A. Hurst,3 J. Parnell,4 A. E. Fallick5
1Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
2Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
3Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
4Department of Geology and Petroleum Geology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
5Scottish Universities Environmental Research Center, East Kilbride, United Kingdom
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
O. Walderhaug and S. Haszeldine are thanked for reviews that helped clarify the manuscript.
ABSTRACT
Field and diagenetic studies of injected sandstones occurring within the Dinantian oil-shale group of Scotland show that they provided subvertical pathways for petroleum fluid flow from host oil shales. Despite rapid cementation by precompactional ankerite, the injected sandstones became reactivated as fluid conduits during subsequent deformation that caused pervasive fracturing. An early phase of Fe dolomite and Fe ankerite veins shows no evidence of petroleum migration; however, abundant primary petroleum inclusions in a second phase of calcite veins, probably formed during Upper Carboniferous to Lower Permian Variscan deformation, suggests that the oil shales had reached maturity. Igneous intrusions may have been a heat source that caused oil maturation. This study shows that injected sandstones may form important fluid conduits for prolonged periods. Even when cemented, they form competent, subvertical structures that are ideally suited for localized faulting, fracturing, and fluid flow during deformation.
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