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The AAPG/Datapages Combined Publications Database
AAPG Special Volumes
Abstract
Sigal, R. F., C. Rai, C. Sondergeld, B. Spears, W. J. Ebanks Jr., W. D. Zogg, N. Emery, G. McCardle, R. Schweizer, W. G. McLeod, and J. Van Eerde,
core
from potential gas-hydrate-bearing reservoirs in the Sagavanirktok, Prince Creek, and Schrader Bluff formations of Alaska's North Slope: Part 2—Porosity, permeability, grain density, and bulk modulus
core
studies, in
DOI:10.1306/13201127M892598
2009 by The American Association of Petroleum Geologists.
Characterization of a Sediment
Core
from Potential Gas-hydrate-bearing Reservoirs in the Sagavanirktok, Prince Creek, and Schrader Bluff Formations of Alaska's North Slope: Part 2—Porosity, Permeability, Grain Density, and Bulk Modulus
Core
Studies*
Core
from Potential Gas-hydrate-bearing Reservoirs in the Sagavanirktok, Prince Creek, and Schrader Bluff Formations of Alaska's North Slope: Part 2—Porosity, Permeability, Grain Density, and Bulk Modulus
Core
Studies*
R. F. Sigal,1 C. Rai,2 C. Sondergeld,3 B. Spears,4 W. J. Ebanks Jr.,5 W. D. Zogg,6 N. Emery,7 G. McCardle,8 R. Schweizer,9 W. G. McLeod,10 J. Van Eerde11
1Mewbourne School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
2Mewbourne School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
3Mewbourne School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
4Mewbourne School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, U.S.A.
5Consultant, College Station, Texas, U.S.A.
6PTS Labs, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.; Present address: Marathon Oil Corp., Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
7PTS Labs, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
8PTS Labs, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
9PTS Labs, Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
10Lone Wolf Oilfield Consulting, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
11Consultant, Calgary, Alberta, CanadaEditor's note: This report is part of a five-report series on the geologic, petrophysical, and geophysical analysis of a sediment
core
recovered from the Hot Ice 1 gas-hydrate research well drilled in northern Alaska during 2003–2004. Each of these reports (Chapters 25–29 of this volume) deals with specific topical observations and/or
core
measurements, including (part 1) project summary and geological description of the
core
; (part 2) porosity, permeability, grain density, and bulk modulus
core
studies; (part 3) electrical resistivity
core
studies; (part 4) nuclear magnetic resonance
core
studies; and (part 5) acoustic velocity
core
studies.
ABSTRACT
In the Anadarko Hot Ice 1 well, a continuous
core
was acquired from 107 ft (33 m) subsurface to 2300 ft (701 m). The Hot Ice 1 well cored through the Tertiary-age sediments of the Sagavanirktok Formation, the Tertiary and upper Cretaceous Prince Creek Formation (which includes the informally named Ugnu sandstones), and Schrader Bluff Formation (which includes the informally named West Sak sandstones); the
core
ended in 42 ft (13 m) of what appears to be a marine section of fine-grained sediment. The recovered
core
was described as 37% unconsolidated sandstone. The Ugnu sandstones and shallower section cored during phase I of the project were 44% sandstone, and the West Sak sandstones and deeper zones cored during phase II of the project were 26% sand. These zones represent the primary potential reservoir rock in this area.
Core
plugs for analysis were removed from all the identified sand zones. Porosity, permeability, grain density, and bulk modulus were obtained for the unconsolidated sands at 57 depths during phase I and 47during phase II. Porosity and permeability were measured at 800, 1200, and 1800 psi (5.5, 8.3, 12.4 MPa) confining stress.
The phase I recovered sands had an average porosity at 800 psi (5.5 MPa) confining pressure of 39.3%. At 1800 psi (12.4 MPa), this average had decreased to 37.3%. The Ugnu sandstones exhibited very high permeability. Several samples were close to 20 d. The geometrical mean of the permeability at 800 psi (5.5 MPa) confining pressure was 3.72 d. At 1800 psi (12.4 MPa), it had been reduced to 3.15 d. No discernable correlation between porosity and permeability was observed. The average grain density was 2.64 g/cm3. The bulk modulus ranged from about 20,000 to 60,000 psi (138 to 414 MPa).
The phase II recovered sands were slightly less porous on the average. At 800 psi (5.5 MPa) confining pressure, the average porosity was 37.2%. This was reduced to 35.4% at 1800 psi (12.4 MPa). The phase II recovered sands were considerably lower in permeability than the phase I recovered sands. At 800 psi (5.5 MPa) confining pressure, its geometric mean permeability was 0.633 d. This was reduced to 0.486 d at 1800 psi (12.4 MPa). A good correlation between porosity and permeability was observed. The average grain density for the phase II recovered sands was 2.70 g/cm3. The bulk modulus ranged from 20,000 to 100,000 psi (138 to 690 MPa).
Five anomalous thin hard cemented sand zones were observed in the phase II recovered
core
. Three of the zones were sampled. Two of the sampled zones had porosity in the 1 to 2% range and permeability in the microdarcy range. Porosities in a third zone were in the 10 to 20% range and permeability in the microdarcy to tens of microdarcys range. With one exception, the bulk moduli in these anomalous hard zones were an order of magnitude larger than the unconsolidated sands. The grain densities were similar to the West Sak unconsolidated sandstones.
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