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Abstract
Chapter from: SG
40: Paleogeography, Paleoclimate, and Source Rocks
Edited By
Alain-Yves HucAuthor:
George T. Moore, Eric T. Barron, Karen L. Bice, Darryl N.
Hayashida Geochemistry, Generation, Migration
Published 1995 as
part of Studies in Geology 40
Copyright © 1995 The American Association of Petroleum
Geologists. All Rights Reserved. |
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Chapter 8
*
Paleoclimatic
Controls on Neocomian-Barremian (Early Cretaceous) Lithostratigraphy in
Northern Gondwana's Rift Lakes Interpreted from a General Circulation Model
Simulation George T. Moore
Eric J. Barron
Karen L. Bice
The Pennsylvania State
University
University Park, Pennsylvania,
U.S.A.
Darryl N. Hayashida
Chevron Petroleum Technology
Company
La Habra, California,
U.S.A.
*
ABSTRACT
By the earliest Cretaceous, a meridionally
oriented rift system began splitting Northern Gondwana into the respective
continents of South America and Africa. The system terminates abruptly
against the Falkland-Agulhas transform on the south and the St. Paul-Romanche
transform to the north, which give the boundaries to the present-day South
Atlantic Ocean. This 5000 km long system created an elongated, segmented,
complex series of rift valleys that were the settings for lakes ranging
in age from Neocomian through Barremian. Various geologic factors defined
the major segmentations of the margin and ultimately controlled basin dimensions.
Early in the history of these basins, the lakes occupying some basins became
anoxic, allowing organic-rich sediments to accumulate.
These source rocks and their generated
oils have been shown through geochemistry and biomarker studies to change
character north of the Rio Grande Rise-Walvis Ridge complex toward the
interior of Northern Gondwana. The southern rift lake basins that evolved
into the Santos, Campos, and Espirito Santo basins on the South American
margin and the Angola, Congo, Cabinda basins on the African margin generated
oils from source rocks originally deposited in saline to brackish water
anoxic lakes. In the more continental interior basins of Sergipe-Alagoas,
Potiguar (South America), and Gabon (Africa) the organic-rich sediments
were deposited in freshwater lakes that were dysaerobic to anoxic. These
relationships imply
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