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Abstract
Gibson-Poole, C. M., L. Svendsen, J. Ennis-King, M. N. Watson, R. F. Daniel, and A. J. Rigg,
DOI:10.1306/13171248St593385
2009 by The American Association of Petroleum Geologists.
Understanding Stratigraphic Heterogeneity: A Methodology to Maximize the Efficiency of the Geological Storage of CO2
Catherine M. Gibson-Poole1, Lotte Svendsen2, Maxwell N. Watson3, Richard F. Daniel,4Jonathan Ennis-King,5 Andy J. Rigg6
1Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC), Australian School of Petroleum, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Present address: BP Alternative Energy, Middlesex, United Kingdom.
2Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC), Australian School of Petroleum, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Present address: BP Norge, Stavanger, Norway.
3Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC), Australian School of Petroleum, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia; Present address: BP Alternative Energy, Middlesex, United Kingdom.
4Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC), Australian School of Petroleum, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
5Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton South, Australia
6Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technologies (CO2CRC), Canberra, Australia
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors would like to thank Monash Energy, Esso Australia, and the Victorian Department of Primary Industries for their help and support with this project.
ABSTRACT
The subsurface geological storage of CO2 is influenced by many variables. Stratigraphic architecture and reservoir heterogeneity primarily affect the migration pathway of CO2. Therefore, an understanding of these parameters can assist with devising an injection strategy to maximize the efficiency of the geological storage of CO2. An example is presented from the Kingfish field area in the offshore Gippsland Basin, southeastern Australia.
The potential injection targets are interbedded sandstones of the Paleocene–Eocene upper Latrobe Group, which are sealed regionally by the Lakes Entrance Formation. Sequence stratigraphy suggests that several packages of sandstone reservoirs exist separated by locally effective, but regionally nonextensive, intraformational seals. Seal
capacity analyses indicate that the intraformational seals can retain an average CO2 column height of around 500 m (1640 ft). Thus, the interbedded siltstones and shales will behave as flow baffles and barriers that will hinder or slow vertical migration, encouraging the CO2 to migrate laterally, and create localized traps throughout the stratigraphy, which reduces the reliance on the top
seal
.
Numerical simulations demonstrate how these siltstone and shale baffles reduce the effective vertical permeability, thereby creating a more tortuous pathway for CO2 migration. This increased pathway length enables a greater volume of pore space to be accessed, increasing the potential for residual gas trapping and dissolution of CO2 to occur along the migration pathway, and may provide more time for geochemical reactions to occur. These effects all increase the potential CO2 storage capacity and containment security and should be considered when devising injection scenarios to optimize the CO2 geological storage process.
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