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Abstract
Onishi, K., T. Matsuoka, Y. Ishikawa, I. Okamoto, and Z. Xue,
DOI:10.1306/13171265St593399
2009 by The American Association of Petroleum Geologists.
Measuring Electrical Resistivity Variations in a Sandstone Specimen Injected with Gas, Liquid, and Supercritical CO2
Kyosuke Onishi,1 Toshifumi Matsuoka,2 Yoshihiko Ishikawa,3 Ikuo Okamoto,4 Ziqiu Xue5
1Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
2Kyoto University, Kyotodaigakukatsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
3Shikoku Electric Power Co., Inc., Takamatsu-shi, Kagawa, Japan
4Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE), Kizugawadai, Kizugawa-shi, Kyoto, Japan
5Research Institute of Innovative Technology for the Earth (RITE), Kizugawadai, Kizugawa-shi, Kyoto, Japan
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors would like to thank an anonymous reviewer and editors for providing comments that greatly improved the chapter.
ABSTRACT
Carbon dioxide sequestration into a deep aquifer is considered one of the most effective methods to solve the global warming problem. To realize the geological sequestration of CO2, we need to reduce injection cost and increase the accuracy of characterizing reservoirs for CO2 sequestration using inexpensive geophysical exploration
methods. The interpretation of geophysical
exploration
records needs corresponding relationships between physical properties observed from geophysical
exploration
and CO2 saturation and phase state. We monitored the behavior of gas, liquid, and supercritical CO2 injected into a sandstone specimen saturated with brine by measuring resistivity variations. We made an experimental apparatus that reproduces the pressure of CO2 sequestration reservoirs. A cylindrical sample of Berea Sandstone (5 cm [1.9 in.] in diameter and 12 cm [4.7 in.] in length) was used in this experiment. Two current electrodes were set on both ends of the specimen. Five electrodes for measuring electric potential were installed on the side of the rock specimen. The side of the specimen was coated with silicone rubber. Carbon dioxide (gas, liquid, and supercritical phases) was flooded through the sandstone specimen at three different flow rates. We monitored the behavior of the resistivity as it changed over time in the sandstone as affected by the CO2. The saturations estimated from resistivity are nearly equal to the values calculated from actual outflow volumes. This result shows the high reliability of electric
exploration
to monitor CO2 saturation. The replacement ratio and storage volume of liquid CO2 are higher than those of supercritical CO2.
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