Abstract

The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1988 addresses permanent remedies that implement technologies to mitigate or eliminate risks at hazardous waste contaminated sites. In situ treatment technologies can be used to treat contaminated soils and ground water, and require specific information concerning site, soil, and waste characteristics that relate directly to treatment, management, and monitoring. Treatability studies provide specific information concerning the potential rate and extent of remediation. Information from treatability studies is used to prepare an engineering approach to design and implement a remediation system at a specific site. The approach generally includes: (1) determination of containment requirements to prevent contamination of off-site systems, (2) application of techniques to maximize mass transfer of chemicals affecting treatment, and (3) formulation of a cost-effective and efficient monitoring program. Full-scale applications of soil and ground-water remediation have been implemented at sites contaminated with wood-preserving, petroleum, gasoline, jet fuel, and heavy metal constituents.