About This Item
- Full TextFull Text(subscription required)
- Pay-Per-View PurchasePay-Per-View
Purchase Options Explain
Share This Item
The AAPG/Datapages Combined Publications Database
West Texas Geological Society
Abstract
A Brief Overview of Oil and Gas Norm in Texas
Abstract
“Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material” is a growing concern in the oil and gas industry today. Due to new Railroad Commission regulation section 4.605, oil companies can no longer ignore that they may have NORM at their off-site locations. NORM is composed of Radium 226, Radium 228 and Radon 222, which are hazardous radioisotopes. Since Radium 226 possesses an extremely long half-life of roughly 1620 years, this extended period of time poses a risk of contact. NORM is considered a “bone seeker” and once inside the body, it migrates to the bones and may lead to leukemia and bone cancer in life.
NORM forms in tubular scale by dissolving in brine fluids that flow from oil reservoirs. Radium can also be found in produced water and sludges in tank bottoms, causing equipment to become NORM contaminated. Produced fluids and sludges may also spill on surrounding soil and cause soil contamination.
Pay-Per-View Purchase Options
The article is available through a document delivery service. Explain these Purchase Options.
| Watermarked PDF Document: $16 | |
| Open PDF Document: $28 |