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The AAPG/Datapages Combined Publications Database
Wyoming Geological Association
Abstract
Three-Dimensional Depth Imaging of Seismic
Data
, with Examples from the Overthrust Belt of Southwestern Wyoming
Abstract
Seismic data
from the Overthrust Belt of southwestern Wyoming should typically be depth imaged in 3-D. A simplified thrust model is studied to illustrate (a) the complications produced by rapid lateral
velocity
changes,
velocity
pull-up, etc., and (b) the necessity of using a depth imaging process versus time imaging plus conversion to depth in complex geological areas. Two case studies from southwestern Wyoming are examined todemonstrate new methods that provide improved images of seismic
data
. For both cases, stacking velocities were initially used to derive interval velocities for modeling, but this led to incorrect, contradictory geology. Subsequently,
velocity
information from available well logs helped produce much-improved depth models for the depth imaging process. When a grid of
data
is available, the imaging is typically done in 3-D.
In the second case study, a 2-D depth-imaged section leaves unexplained, crossing events due to seismic energy coming from out-of-the-plane. Subsequently, a two-pass, 3-D depth image was produced, which provides the "best" depth image, and the final interpretation, as confirmed by drilling, is much closer to reality. The objective of depth imaging, and when the data
are available, 3-D depth imaging, is to produce as accurate a picture of the actual geology of the earth as possible in areas of complicated geological structures.
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